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References

ทำความรู้จัก HPV

  1. World Health Organization. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus, second edition. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2024-5631-49185-73415
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Genital HPV Infection. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2025 Jan 31 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.htmlment number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  3. Communicable Diseases Agency. Preventing HPV infection: HPV Vaccination. Singapore: HealthHub; 2023 Mar 23 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.healthhub.sg/
  4. de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664-670. doi:10.1002/ijc.30716.
  5. Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines 2021: Anogenital warts. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/anogenital-warts.htm Accessed 29 June 2023.
  6. Roman BR, Aragones A. Epidemiology and incidence of HPV-related cancers of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol. 2021; 124(6): 920–922. doi:10.1002/jso.26687.
  7. Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Expanded strain coverage for a highly successful public health tool: Prophylactic 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(10):2280-2291. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1346755.
  8. Ferlay J, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today [cited 2025 Dec 12].
  9. Nyitray AG, et al. Six-Month Incidence, Persistence, and Factors Associated With Persistence of Anal Human Papillomavirus in Men: The HPV in Men Study. J Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 1;204(11):1711–22. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir637.
  10. Giuliano AR, Salmon D. The case for a gender-neutral (universal) human papillomavirus vaccination policy in the United States: Point. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Apr;17(4):805–808. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0741.
  11. Brotherton JML, Giuliano AR, Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Ogilvie GS, et al. Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges. Papillomavirus Res. 2016 May;2:106–111. doi:10.1016/j.pvr.2016.05.001.
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Genital HPV Infection. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2025 Jan 31 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html
  13. World Health Organization. Cervical cancer [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
  14. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2025 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer
  15. Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. RTCOG Clinical Practice Guideline: Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer. Bangkok: RTCOG; 2020. Document No. GY 63-016.
  16. Hariri S, Warner L. Condom use and human papillomavirus in men. J Infect Dis. 2013 Aug 1;208(3):367–369. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit193.

HPV ในผู้หญิง

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Genital HPV Infection. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2025 Jan 31 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html
  2. Communicable Diseases Agency. Preventing HPV infection: HPV Vaccination. Singapore: HealthHub; 2023 Mar 23 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.healthhub.sg/
  3. World Health Organization. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus, second edition. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2024-5631-49185-73415
  4. World Health Organization. Cervical cancer [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
  5. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2025 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer
  6. Ferlay J, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today [cited 2025 Dec 12].
  7. Waterman L & Voss J. HPV, cervical cancer risks, and barriers to care for lesbian women. The Nurse Practitioner. 2015;40(1):p 46-53. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000457431.20036.5c.
  8. Dhillon N, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT, Krist J. Bridging Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health. 2020;14(3):1557988320925691. doi:10.1177/1557988320925691.
  9. de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664-670. doi:10.1002/ijc.30716.
  10. Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Expanded strain coverage for a highly successful public health tool: Prophylactic 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(10):2280-2291. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1346755.
  11. Hariri S, Warner L. Condom use and human papillomavirus in men. J Infect Dis. 2013 Aug 1;208(3):367–369. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit193.
  12. National Cancer Institute. Cervical Cancer Symptoms. Updated 13 October 2022. https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/symptoms Accessed 25 Dec 2025.
  13. Ma K, Li S, Wu S, Zhu J, Yang Y. Impact of smoking exposure on human papillomavirus clearance among Chinese women: A follow-up propensity score matching study. Tob Induc Dis. 2023;21(March):42. doi:10.18332/tid/161026.
  14. American Cancer Society. HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Prevention, Testing, and Cancer. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2025. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-and-cancer-info.html
  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cervical cancer prevention. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/prevention/
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chapter 11: Human Papillomavirus. In: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book). Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2024 [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-11-human-papillomavirus.html

HPV ในผู้ชาย

  1. ICO/IARC. Thailand Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2023. https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/THA_FS.pdf. Accessed 22 March 2023.
  2. Chanprasertpinyo W & Rerkswattavorn C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine status and knowledge of students at a university in rural Thailand. Heliyon 6. 2020; e04625. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04625.
  3. Cleveland Clinic. Cervical Cancer. Published 4 May 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12216-cervical-cancer. Accessed 15 May 2023.
  4. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(32):698-702.

ฉันมีแนวโน้มจะเป็นมะเร็งปากมดลูกมากแค่ไหน

  1. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  2. Centers for Disease Control. Reasons to Get HPV Vaccine. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine/six-reasons.html. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  3. World Health Organization. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper (2022 update). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-wer9750-645-672. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  4. Centers for Disease Control. What can I do to reduce my risk of cervical cancer? Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/prevention.htm. Accessed 28 June 2023.

เชื้อ HPV ในเด็ก ผู้ชาย & LGBTQ+

เชื้อ HPV ในเด็ก

  1. UNICEF Thailand. Situational Analysis of Young People at High Risk of HIV Exposure in Thailand (Synthesis Report). October 2014. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/thailand/reports/situational-analysis-young-people-high-risk-hiv-exposure-thailand. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  2. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 6 June 2023.
  3. Mammas IN, Sourvinos G, Spandidos DA. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:267–273. doi 10.1007/s00431-008-0882-z.
  4. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about HPV vaccination Information for parents and caregivers. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/356841/Q-and-A_HPV_Parents_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 February 2023.

เชื้อ HPV ในผู้ชาย

  1. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  2. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer. Accessed 29 June 2023.
  3. Centers for Disease Control. Reasons to Get HPV Vaccine. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine/six-reasons.html. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  4. Pamnani SJ, Sudenga SL, Viscidi R, et al. Impact of Serum Antibodies to HPV Serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 to Risks of Subsequent Genital HPV Infections in Men: The HIM Study. Cancer Res. 2016;76(20):6066-6075.
  5. Beachler DC, Jenkins G, Safaeian M, Kreimer AR, Wentzensen N. Natural Acquired Immunity Against Subsequent Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2016;213(9):1444-1454.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Facts – HPV and Men. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  7. Giuliano AR, Viscidi R, Torres BN, et al. Seroconversion following anal and genital HPV infection in men: The HIM study. Papillomavirus Res. 2015;1:109-115.
  8. Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines 2021: Anogenital warts. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/anogenital-warts.htm. Accessed 29 June 2023.
  9. de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664-670.
  10. Roman BR, Aragones A. Epidemiology and incidence of HPV-related cancers of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol. 2021; 124(6): 920–922. doi:10.1002/jso.26687.
  11. Marra E, Lin C, Clifford GM. Type-Specific Anal Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Men, According to Sexual Preference and HIV Status: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(4):590-598. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy556.
  12. Meites, E., Wilkin, T. J., & Markowitz, L. E. (2022). Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 18(1), 2016007. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2016007.

ความเสี่ยงและโรคจากเชื้อ HPV ในผู้ชายไทย

  1. Chanprasertpinyo W, Rerkswattavorn C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine status and knowledge of students at a university in rural Thailand. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04625. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04625.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Facts – HPV and Men. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  3. Argirion I, et al. Increasing prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal carcinoma suggests adaptation of p16 screening in Southeast Asia. J Clin Virol. 2020;132:104637. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104637.
  4. Nilyanimit P, et al. Human Papillomavirus in Thai Women and Men with Anogenital Warts. Intervirology. 2018;61(5):223-229. doi: 10.1159/000497351.
  5. Phanuphak N, et al. Anal human papillomavirus infection among Thai men who have sex with men with and without HIV infection: prevalence, incidence, and persistence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(4):472-479. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182918a5a.
  6. Khanijou P, et al. Human papillomavirus seroprevalence in young Thai men. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2022 Mar 4;43(2):222-229. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1985515.
  7. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer. Accessed 29 June 2023.

เชื้อ HPV ในกลุ่ม LGBTQ+

  1. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer. Accessed 29 June 2023.
  2. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  3. Meites E, Wilkin TJ & Markowitz LE. Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2022;18(1), 2016007. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2016007.
  4. Seay J, et al. Understanding Transgender Men’s Experiences with and Preferences for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Rapid Assessment Survey. LGBT Health. 2017;4(4), 304–309. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0143.
  5. Waterman L & Voss J. HPV, cervical cancer risks, and barriers to care for lesbian women. The Nurse Practitioner. 2015;40(1):p 46-53. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000457431.20036.5c.
  6. Marra E, Lin C, Clifford GM. Type-Specific Anal Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Men, According to Sexual Preference and HIV Status: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(4):590-598. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy556.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Facts – HPV and Men. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  8. Singh V, Gratzer B, Gorbach PM, et al. Transgender Women Have Higher Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Than Men Who Have Sex With Men-Two U.S. Cities, 2012-2014. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46(10):657-662. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001051.
  9. Canadian Cancer Society. As a trans woman, do I need to get screened for cervical cancer? https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/find-cancer-early/screening-in-lgbtq-communities/as-a-trans-woman-do-i-need-to-get-screened-for-cervical-cancer. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  10. Dhillon N, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT, Krist J. Bridging Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health. 2020;14(3):1557988320925691. doi:10.1177/1557988320925691.

การป้องกันเชื้อ HPV

ใครบ้างที่ต้องระวังเชื้อ HPV?

  1. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(32):698-702.
  2. World Health Organization. Cervical cancer. Published 22 February 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer. Accessed 16 February 2023.
  3. Chesson HW, Dunne EF, Hariri S, et al. The estimated lifetime probability of acquiring human papillomavirus in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41(11):660-664.
  4. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 6 June 2023.
  5. Pamnani SJ, Sudenga SL, Viscidi R, et al. Impact of Serum Antibodies to HPV Serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 to Risks of Subsequent Genital HPV Infections in Men: The HIM Study. Cancer Res. 2016;76(20):6066-6075.
  6. Beachler DC, Jenkins G, Safaeian M, Kreimer AR, Wentzensen N. Natural Acquired Immunity Against Subsequent Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2016;213(9):1444-1454.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Facts – HPV and Men. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  8. UNICEF Thailand. Situational Analysis of Young People at High Risk of HIV Exposure in Thailand (Synthesis Report). October 2014. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/thailand/reports/situational-analysis-young-people-high-risk-hiv-exposure-thailand. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  9. Marra E, Lin C, Clifford GM. Type-Specific Anal Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Men, According to Sexual Preference and HIV Status: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(4):590-598. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy556.
  10. Meites, E., Wilkin, T. J., & Markowitz, L. E. (2022). Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 18(1), 2016007. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2016007.
  11. Dhillon N, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT, Krist J. Bridging Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health. 2020;14(3):1557988320925691. doi: 10.1177/1557988320925691.
  12. Singh V, Gratzer B, Gorbach PM, et al. Transgender Women Have Higher Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Than Men Who Have Sex With Men-Two U.S. Cities, 2012-2014. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46(10):657-662. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001051.
  13. Canadian Cancer Society. As a trans woman, do I need to get screened for cervical cancer? https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/find-cancer-early/screening-in-lgbtq-communities/as-a-trans-woman-do-i-need-to-get-screened-for-cervical-cancer. Accessed 28 June 2023.

โรคที่เกิดจากเชื้อ HPV

  1. de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664-670.
  2. Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines 2021: Anogenital warts. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/anogenital-warts.htm. Accessed 29 June 2023.
  3. Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines 2021: Human papillomavirus Infection. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/hpv.htm. Accessed 29 June 2023.
  4. ICO/IARC. Thailand Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2023. Available at: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/THA_FS.pdf. Accessed 28 June 2023.

ข้อควรรู้เกี่ยวกับวัคซีน HPV

  1. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  2. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(32):698-702.
  3. Vaccine (Escherichia.coli)/ 2vHPV Summary of Product Characteristic, September 28, 2020.
  4. 4vHPV (Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent vaccine, Recombinant) Product Circular MSD (Thailand) Co.Ltd;2024.S-THL-V501-I-072024.
  5. 9vHPV (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, Recombinant) Product Circular MSD (Thailand) Co.Ltd;2024.S-LPI-V503-I-072024.
  6. ICO/IARC. Thailand Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2023. Available at: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/THA_FS.pdf. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  7. RTCOG. Clinical Practice Guideline on Cervical Cancer Screening 2021. Available at: https://online.anyflip.com/eqcch/frvb/mobile/index.html#p=144. Accessed 28 June 2023.

ถามตอบกับแพทย์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ

คำถามที่พบบ่อยเกี่ยวกับ HPV

  1. Centers for Disease Control. Administering the HPV vaccine. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/administration.html#vaccine-information. Accessed 3 August 2023.
  2. Chulalongkorn Hospital Thai Red Cross Society. Assorted questions about the COVID-19 vaccination. Available at: https://chulalongkornhospital.go.th/kcmh/line/สารพันคำถามกับการฉีดวั/. Accessed 3 August 2023.
  3. 9vHPV (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, Recombinant) Product Circular MSD (Thailand) Co.Ltd;2024.S-LPI-V503-I-072024.
  4. RTCOG Clinical Practice Guideline 2021. Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer. Available at: https://online.anyflip.com/eqcch/frvb/mobile/index.html#p=144. Accessed 3 August 2023.
  5. Infectious Disease Society of Thailand. Recommendations for vaccination for adults and the elderly. May 2023.
  6. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Questions and answers about human papillomavirus (HPV). January 2020. Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-5631-45396-64962. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360807. Accessed 28 June 2023.
  7. Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp-toolkit/guidelines.html. Accessed 3 August 2023.
  8. Vaccine (Escherichia.coli)/ 2vHPV Summary of Product Characteristic, September 28, 2020.
  9. 4vHPV (Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent vaccine, Recombinant) Product Circular MSD (Thailand) Co.Ltd;2024.S-THL-V501-I-072024.
  10. ICO/IARC. Thailand Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2023. Available at: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/THA_FS.pdf. Accessed 28 June 2023.
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